Ambidexterity Inovasi: Kunci Keberhasilan UMKM dalam Persaingan Global

Candra Riny, Shofiyah Jannatul Firdaus, Balqis Syarifah, Shaveya Allodya Hidaracong

Abstract


Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) berkontribusi besar dalam perekonomian nasional, tetapi belum diikuti optimalisasi kinerjanya. Inovasi merupakan salah satu strategi untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Studi terdahulu menyatakan bahwa kesuksesan perusahaan dipengaruhi kemampuan menyeimbangkan inovasi eksploratif dan inovasi eksploitatif secara ambidextrous untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan kinerja dalam jangka pendek dan panjang. Sayangnya, penelitian yang ada hanya berfokus pada perusahaan besar, sehingga tidak tepat jika digeneralisasi pada UMKM yang memiliki keterbatasan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran kapabilitas teknologi informasi (technology information/TI) dan manajemen pengetahuan (knowledge management/KM) serta determinan faktor lainnya dalam mendorong ambidexterity inovasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja UMKM menghadapi persaingan global. Selain itu, melalui penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan implikasi praktis terkait ambidexterity inovasi pada UMKM. Tinjauan literatur dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan hasil penelitian sebagai bahan kajian. Sebanyak 15 studi memenuhi kriteria dan ditinjau secara kronologis dari artikel paling awal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapabilitas TI dan KM memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam mendukung ambidexterity inovasi. Kapabilitas TI yang tinggi mampu mengelola pengetahuan dan menciptakan inovasi melalui platform digital, sementara kapabilitas KM memfasilitasi penyebarluasan pengetahuan. Lingkungan bisnis yang dinamis memoderasi hubungan ini, menandakan pentingnya penyesuaian terhadap perubahan. Selain itu, faktor lainnya yaitu orientasi pasar, keterikatan eksternal, kapabilitas kewirausahaan, kepemimpinan kreatif, kemampuan aliansi, dan bricolage juga berperan penting pada ambidexterity inovasi. Untuk mempercepat langkah ke pasar global, adaptive market orientation (AMO) memiliki peran yang tidak boleh diabaikan. Dengan demikian, UMKM perlu memiliki fleksibilitas dalam berinovasi, beradaptasi, dan menjalin jaringan eksternal untuk tetap unggul di arena internasional.

Keywords: Ambidexterity Inovasi, UMKM, Technology Information Capability, Knowledge Management Capability, Persaingan Global

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.62389/bina.v3i2.109


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